Here's what I've found:
Powder
NFPA495-85, Standard for the Manufacture, Transportation, Storage and Use of Explosive Materials, (c) 1985, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA 02269.
10-3 SMOKELESS PROPELLANTS. 10-3.1 Quantities of smokeless propellants not exceeding 25 LB (11.3kg), in shipping containers approved by the U.S. Department of Transportation, may be transported in a private vehicle.
10-3.2 Quantities of smokeless propellants exceeding 25 lb (11.3kg) but not exceeding 50 lb (22.7 kg), transported in a private vehicle, shall be transported in a portable magazine having wood walls of at least 1-inc. (25.4-mm) nominal thickness.
10-3.3 Transportation of more than 50 lb (22.7 kg) of smokeless propellants in a private vehicle is prohibited.
10-3.6
less propellants shall be stored in shipping containers specified by U. S. Department of Transportation Hazardous Materials Regulations.
10-3.7
less propellants intended for personal use in quantities not exceeding 20 lb (9.1 kg) may be stored in original containers in residences.
Quantities exceeding 20 lb (9.1 kg), but not exceeding 50 lb (22.7 kg), may be stored in residences if kept in a wooden box or cabinet having walls or at least 1-inc. (25.4-mm) nominal thickness.
Primers:
RECOMMENDATIONS ON STORAGE AND HANDLING
Issued by the National Fire Protection Association
Battery March Park, Quincy, MA 02269 and reprinted with their permission
11-5 Small Arms Primers
11-5.1 Small arms primers shall be transported or stored in
containers approved by the US Department of Transportation.
Know the Following
RECOMMENDATIONS ON STORAGE AND HANDLING
Issued by the National Fire Protection Association
Battery March Park, Quincy, MA 02269 and reprinted with their permission:
NFPA 495
Explosive Materials Code
11-5.2 Transportation of small arms primers shall comply
with US Department of Transportation Regulations.
11-5.3 No more than 25,000 small arms primers may be
transported in a private vehicle.
11-5.4 No more than 10,000 small arms primers may be
stored in residences.
In both instances they are labled as 'recommendations'. secondly, it does not define 'residence'. Is an out building, more than 100' away from your primary living space considered residence? I don't know. Anyway, that's what I found.